2020 - 2021 Catalog
Course Descriptions for ITSE
Course Number: ITSE 1191 (1 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, EFC, ECC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Course Description: Topics address recently identified current events, skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the technology or occupation and relevant to the professional development of the student. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (1 Lec.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, EFC, ECC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Course Title: Special Topics in Computer Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Course Description: Topics address recently identified current events, skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the technology or occupation and relevant to the professional development of the student. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (1 Lec.)
Course Number: ITSE 1301 (3 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, RLC
Prerequisite Recommended: Prior working knowledge and experience with personal computers or instructor approval.
Course Description: Designing and publishing Web documents according to World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards. Emphasis on optimization of graphics and images and exploration of the tools available for creating and editing Web documents. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1401. The student may register for either ITSE 1301 or ITSE 1401 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, RLC
Course Title: Web Design Tools
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Prior working knowledge and experience with personal computers or instructor approval.
Course Description: Designing and publishing Web documents according to World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards. Emphasis on optimization of graphics and images and exploration of the tools available for creating and editing Web documents. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1401. The student may register for either ITSE 1301 or ITSE 1401 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1303 (3 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Course Description: Introduction to fundamentals of SQL and relational databases. Topics covered include database terminology and concepts; planning, defining, and designing a database; designing and generating tables; devising and processing queries; installing MySQL and troubleshooting syntax. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Course Title: Introduction to MySQL
This is a WECM Course Number.Course Description: Introduction to fundamentals of SQL and relational databases. Topics covered include database terminology and concepts; planning, defining, and designing a database; designing and generating tables; devising and processing queries; installing MySQL and troubleshooting syntax. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1306 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic web page generation skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Introduction to PHP including design of web-based applications, arrays, strings, regular expressions, file input/output, e-mail and database interfaces, stream and network programming, debugging, and security. Emphasizes hands-on programming skills necessary to develop secure and reliable PHP based web applications. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1406. The student may register for either ITSE 1306 or ITSE 1406 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC
Course Title: PHP Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic web page generation skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Introduction to PHP including design of web-based applications, arrays, strings, regular expressions, file input/output, e-mail and database interfaces, stream and network programming, debugging, and security. Emphasizes hands-on programming skills necessary to develop secure and reliable PHP based web applications. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1406. The student may register for either ITSE 1306 or ITSE 1406 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1311 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Course Description: Skill development in web page programming including mark-up and scripting languages. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1411. The student may register for either ITSE 1311 or ITSE 1411 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Course Title: Beginning Web Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Course Description: Skill development in web page programming including mark-up and scripting languages. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1411. The student may register for either ITSE 1311 or ITSE 1411 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1329 (3 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC
Course Description: Problem-solving applying structured techniques and representation of algorithms using design tools. Includes an introduction to programming, testing, evaluation, and documentation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1429. The student may register for either ITSE 1329 or ITSE 1429 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC
Course Title: Programming Logic and Design
This is a WECM Course Number.Course Description: Problem-solving applying structured techniques and representation of algorithms using design tools. Includes an introduction to programming, testing, evaluation, and documentation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1429. The student may register for either ITSE 1329 or ITSE 1429 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1330 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: A study of C# syntax, including data types, control structures, functions, syntax, and semantics of the language, classes, class relationships, and exception handling. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1430. The student may register for either ITSE 1330 or ITSE 1430 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC
Course Title: Introduction to C# Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: A study of C# syntax, including data types, control structures, functions, syntax, and semantics of the language, classes, class relationships, and exception handling. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1430. The student may register for either ITSE 1330 or ITSE 1430 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1333 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): RLC
Course Description: An overview of different mobile platforms and their development environments. Design, write, and test small interactive programs for mobile platforms. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): RLC
Course Title: Mobile Applications Development
This is a WECM Course Number.Course Description: An overview of different mobile platforms and their development environments. Design, write, and test small interactive programs for mobile platforms. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1345 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): NLC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: An introduction to the design and creation of relational databases using Oracle. Topics include storing, retrieving, updating, and displaying data using Structured Query Language (SQL). This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1445. The student may register for either ITSE 1345 or ITSE 1445 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): NLC
Course Title: Introduction to Oracle SQL
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: An introduction to the design and creation of relational databases using Oracle. Topics include storing, retrieving, updating, and displaying data using Structured Query Language (SQL). This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1445. The student may register for either ITSE 1345 or ITSE 1445 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1346 (3 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Course Description: Introduction to the analysis and utilization of data requirements and organization into normalized tables. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Course Title: Database Theory and Design
This is a WECM Course Number.Course Description: Introduction to the analysis and utilization of data requirements and organization into normalized tables. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1350 (3 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC
Prerequisite Recommended: Any ITSE programming course or instructor approval.
Course Description: Introduction to the planning, design, and construction of computer information systems using the systems development life cycle and other appropriate design tools. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1450. The student may register for either ITSE 1350 or ITSE 1450 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC
Course Title: System Analysis and Design
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Any ITSE programming course or instructor approval.
Course Description: Introduction to the planning, design, and construction of computer information systems using the systems development life cycle and other appropriate design tools. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1450. The student may register for either ITSE 1350 or ITSE 1450 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1359 (3 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, ECC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic web page generation skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Introduction to scripting languages including basic data types, control structures, regular expressions, input/output, and textual analysis. (2 Lec., 2 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, ECC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Course Title: Introduction to Scripting Languages
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic web page generation skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Introduction to scripting languages including basic data types, control structures, regular expressions, input/output, and textual analysis. (2 Lec., 2 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1391 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC, NLC
Course Description: Topics address recently identified current events, skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the technology or occupation and relevant to the professional development of the student. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 2 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC, NLC
Course Title: Special Topics in Computer Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Course Description: Topics address recently identified current events, skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the technology or occupation and relevant to the professional development of the student. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 2 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1401 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, EFC, ECC, MVC
Prerequisite Recommended: Prior working knowledge and experience with personal computers or instructor approval.
Course Description: Designing and publishing Web documents according to World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards. Emphasis on optimization of graphics and images and exploration of the tools available for creating and editing Web documents. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1301. The student may register for either ITSE 1301 or ITSE 1401 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, EFC, ECC, MVC
Course Title: Web Design Tools
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Prior working knowledge and experience with personal computers or instructor approval.
Course Description: Designing and publishing Web documents according to World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards. Emphasis on optimization of graphics and images and exploration of the tools available for creating and editing Web documents. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1301. The student may register for either ITSE 1301 or ITSE 1401 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1402 (4 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, NLC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structure used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Introduction to computer programming including development, testing, implementation, and documentation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1302. The student may register for either ITSE 1302 or ITSE 1402 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, NLC
Course Title: Computer Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structure used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Introduction to computer programming including development, testing, implementation, and documentation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1302. The student may register for either ITSE 1302 or ITSE 1402 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1406 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic web page generation skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Introduction to PHP including design of web-based applications, arrays, strings, regular expressions, file input/output, e-mail and database interfaces, stream and network programming, debugging, and security. Emphasizes hands-on programming skills necessary to develop secure and reliable PHP based web applications. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1306. The student may register for either ITSE 1306 or ITSE 1406 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC
Course Title: PHP Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic web page generation skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Introduction to PHP including design of web-based applications, arrays, strings, regular expressions, file input/output, e-mail and database interfaces, stream and network programming, debugging, and security. Emphasizes hands-on programming skills necessary to develop secure and reliable PHP based web applications. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1306. The student may register for either ITSE 1306 or ITSE 1406 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1407 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, NLC
Prerequisite: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Introduction to computer programming using C++. Emphasis on the fundamentals of object-oriented design with development, testing, implementation, and documentation. Includes language syntax, data and file structures, input/output devices, and files. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, NLC
Course Title: Introduction to C++ Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Introduction to computer programming using C++. Emphasis on the fundamentals of object-oriented design with development, testing, implementation, and documentation. Includes language syntax, data and file structures, input/output devices, and files. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1411 (4 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC, NLC
Course Description: Skill development in web page programming including mark-up and scripting languages. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1311. The student may register for either ITSE 1311 or ITSE 1411 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC, NLC
Course Title: Beginning Web Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Course Description: Skill development in web page programming including mark-up and scripting languages. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1311. The student may register for either ITSE 1311 or ITSE 1411 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1422 (4 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Introduction to programming using C. Emphasis on the fundamentals of structured design, development, testing, implementation, and documentation. Includes language syntax, data and file structures, input/output devices, and files. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC
Course Title: Introduction to C Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Introduction to programming using C. Emphasis on the fundamentals of structured design, development, testing, implementation, and documentation. Includes language syntax, data and file structures, input/output devices, and files. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1429 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Course Description: Problem-solving applying structured techniques and representation of algorithms using design tools. Includes an introduction to programming, testing, evaluation, and documentation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1329. The student may register for either ITSE 1329 or ITSE 1429 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Course Title: Programming Logic and Design
This is a WECM Course Number.Course Description: Problem-solving applying structured techniques and representation of algorithms using design tools. Includes an introduction to programming, testing, evaluation, and documentation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1329. The student may register for either ITSE 1329 or ITSE 1429 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1430 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: A study of C# syntax including data types, control structures, functions, syntax, and semantics of the language, classes, class relationships, and exception handling. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1330. The student may register for either ITSE 1330 or ITSE 1430 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC
Course Title: Introduction to C# Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: A study of C# syntax including data types, control structures, functions, syntax, and semantics of the language, classes, class relationships, and exception handling. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1330. The student may register for either ITSE 1330 or ITSE 1430 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1432 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: A study of Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) including data types, control structures, functions, syntax and semantics of the language, classes, class relationships, and exception handling. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1332. The student may register for either ITSE 1332 or ITSE 1432 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC
Course Title: Introduction to Visual Basic.NET Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: A study of Visual Basic.NET (VB.NET) including data types, control structures, functions, syntax and semantics of the language, classes, class relationships, and exception handling. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1332. The student may register for either ITSE 1332 or ITSE 1432 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1445 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): ECC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structure used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: An introduction to the design and creation of relational databases using Oracle. Topics include storing, retrieving, updating, and displaying data using Structured Query Language (SQL). This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1345. The student may register for either ITSE 1345 or ITSE 1445 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): ECC
Course Title: Introduction to Oracle SQL
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structure used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: An introduction to the design and creation of relational databases using Oracle. Topics include storing, retrieving, updating, and displaying data using Structured Query Language (SQL). This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1345. The student may register for either ITSE 1345 or ITSE 1445 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1450 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC
Prerequisite Recommended: Any ITSE programming course or instructor approval.
Course Description: Introduction to the planning, design, and construction of computer information systems using the systems development life cycle and other appropriate design tools. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1350. The student may register for either ITSE 1350 or ITSE 1450 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC
Course Title: System Analysis and Design
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Any ITSE programming course or instructor approval.
Course Description: Introduction to the planning, design, and construction of computer information systems using the systems development life cycle and other appropriate design tools. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 1350. The student may register for either ITSE 1350 or ITSE 1450 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 1491 (4 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC, NLC
Course Description: Topics address recently identified current events, skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the technology or occupation and relevant to the professional development of the student. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC, NLC
Course Title: Special Topics in Computer Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Course Description: Topics address recently identified current events, skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the technology or occupation and relevant to the professional development of the student. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2302 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic web generation skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Server-side and client-side techniques for web development. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2402. The student may register for either ITSE 2302 or ITSE 2402 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC
Course Title: Intermediate Web Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic web generation skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Server-side and client-side techniques for web development. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2402. The student may register for either ITSE 2302 or ITSE 2402 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2305 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Introduction to computer programming for windows. Emphasis on the fundamentals of structured design, development, testing, implementation, and documentation. Includes language syntax, data and file structures, input/output devices, and files. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2405. The student may register for either ITSE 2305 or ITSE 2405 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC
Course Title: Windows Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Introduction to computer programming for windows. Emphasis on the fundamentals of structured design, development, testing, implementation, and documentation. Includes language syntax, data and file structures, input/output devices, and files. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2405. The student may register for either ITSE 2305 or ITSE 2405 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2310 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC, RLC
Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1429 or instructor approval.
Course Description: Course explores developing applications for iOS devices. Will include programming, use of the iOS SDK environment, and current programming issues in the iOS environment. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2410. The student may register for either ITSE 2310 or ITSE 2410 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC, RLC
Course Title: iOS Application Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1429 or instructor approval.
Course Description: Course explores developing applications for iOS devices. Will include programming, use of the iOS SDK environment, and current programming issues in the iOS environment. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2410. The student may register for either ITSE 2310 or ITSE 2410 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2313 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): RLC
Course Description: Instruction in designing and developing web pages that incorporate text, graphics, and other supporting elements using current technologies and authoring tools. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2413. The student may register for either ITSE 2313 or ITSE 2413 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): RLC
Course Title: Web Authoring
This is a WECM Course Number.Course Description: Instruction in designing and developing web pages that incorporate text, graphics, and other supporting elements using current technologies and authoring tools. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2413. The student may register for either ITSE 2313 or ITSE 2413 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2321 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): RLC
Course Description: Program design with classes including development, testing, implementation, and documentation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2421. The student may register for either ITSE 2321 or ITSE 2421 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): RLC
Course Title: Object-Oriented Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Course Description: Program design with classes including development, testing, implementation, and documentation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2421. The student may register for either ITSE 2321 or ITSE 2421 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2354 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): MVC
Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1345 or instructor approval.
Course Description: A continuation of Oracle SQL. Topics include hierarchical queries, set based queries, correlated subqueries, scripting, and scripting generation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2454. The student may register for either ITSE 2354 or ITSE 2454 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): MVC
Course Title: Advanced Oracle PL/SQL
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1345 or instructor approval.
Course Description: A continuation of Oracle SQL. Topics include hierarchical queries, set based queries, correlated subqueries, scripting, and scripting generation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2454. The student may register for either ITSE 2354 or ITSE 2454 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2356 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): NLC
Prerequisite Recommended: Previous Oracle skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Fundamentals of the tasks and functions required of a database administrator using Oracle. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2456. The student may register for either ITSE 2356 or ITSE 2456 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): NLC
Course Title: Oracle Database Administration I
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Previous Oracle skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Fundamentals of the tasks and functions required of a database administrator using Oracle. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2456. The student may register for either ITSE 2356 or ITSE 2456 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2358 (3 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): NLC
Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 2356 or instructor approval.
Course Description: A continuation of Oracle Database Administration I. Topics include recovery procedures, logical backups, standby database capabilities, and performance tuning of the Oracle Server. Common performance problems and the use of diagnostic tools to troubleshoot and optimize throughput will be discussed. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2458. The student may register for either ITSE 2358 or ITSE 2458 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): NLC
Course Title: Oracle Database Administration II
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 2356 or instructor approval.
Course Description: A continuation of Oracle Database Administration I. Topics include recovery procedures, logical backups, standby database capabilities, and performance tuning of the Oracle Server. Common performance problems and the use of diagnostic tools to troubleshoot and optimize throughput will be discussed. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2458. The student may register for either ITSE 2358 or ITSE 2458 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2402 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic web generation skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Server-side and client-side techniques for web development. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2302. The student may register for either ITSE 2302 or ITSE 2402 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC
Course Title: Intermediate Web Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic web generation skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Server-side and client-side techniques for web development. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2302. The student may register for either ITSE 2302 or ITSE 2402 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2404 (4 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC
Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1432 or Object-Oriented Programming experience.
Course Description: Visual Basic.NET applications to access data from a database. Emphasizes Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and database programming with ADO.NET. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2304. The student may register for either ITSE 2304 or ITSE 2404 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC
Course Title: Visual Basic.NET Database Development with ADO.NET
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1432 or Object-Oriented Programming experience.
Course Description: Visual Basic.NET applications to access data from a database. Emphasizes Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and database programming with ADO.NET. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2304. The student may register for either ITSE 2304 or ITSE 2404 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2405 (4 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Introduction to computer programming for windows. Emphasis on the fundamentals of structured design, development, testing, implementation, and documentation. Includes language syntax, data and file structures, input/output devices, and files. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2305. The student may register for either ITSE 2305 or ITSE 2405 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC
Course Title: Windows Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Introduction to computer programming for windows. Emphasis on the fundamentals of structured design, development, testing, implementation, and documentation. Includes language syntax, data and file structures, input/output devices, and files. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2305. The student may register for either ITSE 2305 or ITSE 2405 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2409 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Database development using database programming techniques emphasizing database structures, modeling, and database access. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC, RLC
Course Title: Database Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Database development using database programming techniques emphasizing database structures, modeling, and database access. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2410 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, RLC
Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1429 or instructor approval.
Course Description: Course explores developing application for iOS devices. Will include current iOS programming language, use of the iOS SDK environment, and current programming issues in the iOS environment. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2310. The student may register for either ITSE 2310 or ITSE 2410 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, RLC
Course Title: iOS Application Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1429 or instructor approval.
Course Description: Course explores developing application for iOS devices. Will include current iOS programming language, use of the iOS SDK environment, and current programming issues in the iOS environment. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2310. The student may register for either ITSE 2310 or ITSE 2410 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2417 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Introduction to object oriented Java programming including the fundamental syntax and semantics of Java for applications and web applets. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC
Course Title: Java Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSE 1429 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Introduction to object oriented Java programming including the fundamental syntax and semantics of Java for applications and web applets. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2421 (4 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC
Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSC 2435 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Program design with classes including development, testing, implementation, and documentation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2321. The student may register for either ITSE 2321 or ITSE 2421 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC
Course Title: Object-Oriented Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Basic understanding of problem solving and logic structures used with computers obtained in ITSC 2435 or equivalent experiences approved by instructor consent.
Course Description: Program design with classes including development, testing, implementation, and documentation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2321. The student may register for either ITSE 2321 or ITSE 2421 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2431 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC
Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1407 or instructor approval.
Course Description: Further application of C++ programming techniques including file access, abstract data structures, class inheritance, and other advanced techniques. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC, NLC
Course Title: Advanced C++ Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1407 or instructor approval.
Course Description: Further application of C++ programming techniques including file access, abstract data structures, class inheritance, and other advanced techniques. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2434 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC
Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1432 or instructor approval.
Course Description: Continuation of Visual Basic.NET programming using advanced features of the .NET Framework Class Library. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2334. The student may register for either ITSE 2334 or ITSE 2434 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC
Course Title: Advanced Visual Basic.NET Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1432 or instructor approval.
Course Description: Continuation of Visual Basic.NET programming using advanced features of the .NET Framework Class Library. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2334. The student may register for either ITSE 2334 or ITSE 2434 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2437 (4 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC
Prerequisite: Any ITSE programming course or instructor consent.
Course Description: Comprehensive coverage of low-level computer operations and architecture. Includes design, development, testing, implementation, and documentation of programs; language syntax; data manipulation; input/output devices and operations; and file access. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC
Course Title: Assembly Language Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite: Any ITSE programming course or instructor consent.
Course Description: Comprehensive coverage of low-level computer operations and architecture. Includes design, development, testing, implementation, and documentation of programs; language syntax; data manipulation; input/output devices and operations; and file access. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2438 (4 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC
Prerequisite: ITSE 1430 or Object-Oriented programming experience.
Course Description: C# applications to access data from a database. Emphasizes Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and database programming with ADO.NET. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2338. The student may register for either ITSE 2338 or ITSE 2438 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, MVC
Course Title: C# Database Development with ADO.NET
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite: ITSE 1430 or Object-Oriented programming experience.
Course Description: C# applications to access data from a database. Emphasizes Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and database programming with ADO.NET. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2338. The student may register for either ITSE 2338 or ITSE 2438 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2453 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC
Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1430 or instructor approval.
Course Description: Continuation of C# programming using advanced features of the .NET Framework Class Library. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2353. The student may register for either ITSE 2353 or ITSE 2453 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC, MVC
Course Title: Advanced C# Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1430 or instructor approval.
Course Description: Continuation of C# programming using advanced features of the .NET Framework Class Library. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2353. The student may register for either ITSE 2353 or ITSE 2453 but may receive credit for only one of the two. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2454 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): ECC
Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1445 or instructor approval.
Course Description: A continuation of Oracle SQL. Topics include hierarchical queries, set based queries, correlated subqueries, scripting, and scripting generation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2354. The student may register for either ITSE 2354 or ITSE 2454 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): ECC
Course Title: Advanced Oracle PL/SQL
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1445 or instructor approval.
Course Description: A continuation of Oracle SQL. Topics include hierarchical queries, set based queries, correlated subqueries, scripting, and scripting generation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2354. The student may register for either ITSE 2354 or ITSE 2454 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2456 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): ECC
Prerequisite Recommended: Previous Oracle skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Fundamentals of the tasks and functions required of a database administrator using Oracle. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2356. The student may register for either ITSE 2356 or ITSE 2456 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): ECC
Course Title: Oracle Database Administration I
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: Previous Oracle skills or instructor approval.
Course Description: Fundamentals of the tasks and functions required of a database administrator using Oracle. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2356. The student may register for either ITSE 2356 or ITSE 2456 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2457 (4 Credit Hours)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC
Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 2421 or instructor consent.
Course Description: Application of advanced object-oriented programming techniques such as abstract data structures, class inheritance, virtual functions, and exception handling. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
This course is not currently offered by El Centro Campus.
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC
Course Title: Advanced Object-Oriented Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 2421 or instructor consent.
Course Description: Application of advanced object-oriented programming techniques such as abstract data structures, class inheritance, virtual functions, and exception handling. (3 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2458 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): ECC
Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 2456 or instructor consent.
Course Description: A continuation of Oracle Database Administration I. Topics include recovery procedures, logical backups, standby database capabilities, and performance tuning of the Oracle Server. Common performance problems and the use of diagnostic tools to troubleshoot and optimize throughput will be discussed. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2358. The student may register for either ITSE 2358 or ITSE 2458 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): ECC
Course Title: Oracle Database Administration II
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 2456 or instructor consent.
Course Description: A continuation of Oracle Database Administration I. Topics include recovery procedures, logical backups, standby database capabilities, and performance tuning of the Oracle Server. Common performance problems and the use of diagnostic tools to troubleshoot and optimize throughput will be discussed. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2358. The student may register for either ITSE 2358 or ITSE 2458 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (2 Lec., 4 Lab.)
Course Number: ITSE 2459 (4 Credit Hours)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC
Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1402 or instructor consent.
Course Description: Advanced programming techniques including file access methods, data structures, modular programming, program testing, and documentation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2359. The student may register for either ITSE 2359 or ITSE 2459 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
Listed by Campus(es): BHC, CVC, ECC
Course Title: Advanced Computer Programming
This is a WECM Course Number.Prerequisite Recommended: ITSE 1402 or instructor consent.
Course Description: Advanced programming techniques including file access methods, data structures, modular programming, program testing, and documentation. This course is cross-listed as ITSE 2359. The student may register for either ITSE 2359 or ITSE 2459 but may receive credit for only one of the two. This course may be repeated if topics and learning outcomes vary. (3 Lec., 3 Lab.)
ACGM (Lower-Division Academic Course Guide Manual) Courses
WECM (Workforce Education Course Manual) Courses
Designated by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board for general academic transfer among community, state, and technical colleges in Texas; and state public four-year colleges and universities as freshman and sophomore general education courses.
WECM (Workforce Education Course Manual) Courses
Designated by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board as workforce education (technical) courses offered for credit and CEUs (Continuing Education Units). While these courses are designed to transfer among state community colleges, they are not designed to automatically transfer to public four-year colleges and universities.